SOLAS公约有关“消防安全要求”的历史演变（中英文/下篇）

（History of SOLAS fire protection requirements）

一些最初的技术条款已从SOLAS公约转移到《国际消防安全系统（FSS）规范》，同时许多其他技术条款在《规范》中进行了更详细的阐述。单独制定这部法规的主要原因是将运输和其他法定要求（显然属于公约并适用于主管机关）与纯粹的技术规定分开，后者更适合于编织成法规，并且便于被设备制造商、系统工程师等使用。

英文：Some of the original technical provisions were transferred from the Convention to the International Fire Safety Systems (FSS) Code, and many others are spelled out in greater detail in the Code. The main reason behind having a separate Code was to separate carriage and other statutory requirements, which clearly belong in the Convention and are meant for the Administration, from purely technical provisions, which are better suited for the Code and may be applied in a more user-friendly manner by equipment manufacturers, systems engineers, etc.

因此，FSS规范的目的是为修订后的SOLAS第II-2章要求的消防安全系统提供国际标准，所以FSS规范是强制性的。FSS 规范由15章组成，每章都涉及特定的体系和安排，而第I章则包含多个定义以及批准替代设计和有毒灭火介质的一般要求。

英文：The purpose of the FSS Code is therefore to provide international standards for fire safety systems required by revised SOLAS chapter II-2, under which it is made mandatory. The FSS Code consists of 15 chapters, each addressing specific systems and arrangements, except for chapter I which contains a several definitions and also general requirements for approval of alternative designs and toxic extinguishing media.

新的第II-2章适用于2002年7月1日或之后建造的船舶。但是，本章也适用于在该日期之前建造的船舶，如下所示：

英文：The new chapter II-2 applies to ships constructed on or after 1 July 2002. However, the chapter also applies to ships built before that date as indicated below:

1.所有经过与此相关的修理、改动、改装和舾装应至少继续遵守以前适用于这些船舶的要求。此类船舶如果在2002年7月1日之前建造，通常应符合在该日期或之后建造的船舶的要求，其程度至少与进行此类维修、改动、改装或舾装之前相同（第1.3.1条）。

英文：All ships which undergo repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting related thereto shall continue to comply with at least the requirements previously applicable to these ships. Such ships, if constructed before 1 July 2002, shall, as a rule, comply with the requirements for ships constructed on or after that date to at least the same extent as they did before undergoing such repairs, alterations, modifications or outfitting. (Regulation 1.3.1)

在主管机关认为合理可行的范围内，对船舶尺寸或乘客住宿空间进行重大改造，或对船舶的使用寿命和与之相关的舾装进行重大改变的维修、改动和改装，应符合2002年7月1日或之后建造的船舶的要求（第1.3.2条）。

英文：Repairs, alterations and modifications which substantially alter the dimensions of a ship or the passenger accommodation spaces, or substantially increase a ship's service life and outfitting related thereto shall meet the requirements for ships constructed on or after 1 July 2002 in so far as the Administration deems reasonable and practicable. (Regulation 1.3.2)

在2002年7月1日之前、当日或之后建造的混装船不得运载除石油以外的货物，除非所有货舱均不含石油和不含气，或者除非在每种情况下作出的安排已得到主管机关的批准，同时考虑到本组织制定的惰性气体系统准则（MSC/Circ.353），经 MSC/Circ.387修订（第1.6.5条）。

英文：Combination carriers constructed before, on or after 1 July 2002 shall not carry cargoes other than oil unless all cargo spaces are empty of oil and gas-freed or unless the arrangements provided in each case have been be approved by the Administration taking into account the guidelines developed by the Organization (Guidelines for inert gas systems (MSC/Circ.353), as amended by MSC/Circ.387.) (Regulation 1.6.5)

在油轮的货物泵房内，舱壁轴压盖、轴承和泵壳均应安装合适的温度传感器设备；所有泵房均须设有舱底水位监测装置，并在适当位置安装警报器；在2002年7月1日之后首次预定干船坞之日之前，应在2002年7月1日之前建造的所有油轮上安装碳氢化合物气体浓度持续监测系统，但最晚不得迟于2005年7月1日（第1.6.7条）。

英文：In cargo pump rooms in tankers, temperature sensing devices for bulkhead shaft glands, bearings and pump casings shall be fitted; all pump-rooms shall be provided with bilge level monitoring devices together with appropriately located alarms; and a system for continuous monitoring of the concentration of hydrocarbon gases shall be fitted on all tankers constructed before 1 July 2002 by the date of the first scheduled dry-docking after 1 July 2002, but not later than 1 July 2005. (Regulation 1.6.7)

紧急逃生呼吸装置（EEBD）——所有现有船舶必须在2002年7月1日之后的首次检验日期之前安装这些装置，具体要求如下：所有船舶应在住宿空间内携带至少两个紧急逃生呼吸装置;在客船中，每个主要垂直区域至少应携带两个紧急逃生呼吸装置;在载客超过36名乘客的客船中，除上述要求外，每个主要垂直区域还应携带两个紧急逃生呼吸装置（第13.3.4.2条至第13.3.4.5条——特定情况下可以免除——见第13.3.4.5条）。在所有船舶的机械舱内，紧急逃生呼吸装置应放置在易于察觉的位置，以便在发生火灾时随时快速轻松地到达此位置。紧急逃生呼吸装置的放置位置，必须考虑到机械空间的布局和通常在这些空间内工作的人数。消防控制计划中必须注明EEBD的数量和位置，并且它们必须符合消防安全系统规范（FSS第13.4.3条：紧急逃生呼吸装置的性能、放置位置、使用和保养指南（MSC/Circ.849））。

英文：Emergency escape breathing devices (EEBD) - All existing ships must have these fitted not later than the date of the first survey after 1 July 2002 as follows: all ships shall carry at least two emergency escape breathing devices within accommodation spaces; in passenger ships, at least two emergency escape breathing devices shall be carried in each main vertical zone; in passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers, two emergency escape breathing devices, in addition to those required above, shall be carried in each main vertical zone. (Regulations 13.3.4.2 to 13.3.4.5 - certain exemptions apply - see regulation 13.3.4.5). On all ships, within the machinery spaces, emergency escape breathing devices shall be situated ready for use at easily visible places, which can be reached quickly and easily at any time in the event of fire. The location of emergency escape breathing devices must take into account the layout of the machinery space and the number of persons normally working in the spaces. The number and location of EEBDs must be indicated in the fire control plan and they must comply with the Fire Safety Systems Code (regulation 13.4.3, which refers to the Guidelines for the performance, location, use and care of emergency escape breathing devices (MSC/Circ.849).)

E部分操作要求——所有现有船舶必须在2002年7月1日之后的首次检验日期之前遵守E部分（第16.3.2.2 条和 16.3.2.3 条除外——与惰性气体系统有关，视情况而定）。E部分包括关于操作准备和维护的第14条；关于用法说明、船上培训和演习的第15条;以及关于运转的第16条。

英文：Part E Operational requirements - All existing ships must comply with Part E (except regulations 16.3.2.2 and 16.3.2.3 - relating to inert gas systems, as appropriate) not later than the date of the first survey after 1 July 2002. Part E includes regulation 14 on Operational readiness and maintenance; regulation 15 on Instructions, onboard training and drills; and regulation 16 on Operations.

仅适用于现有船舶上的新设备：禁止在新装置上使用哈龙 1211、1301和2402以及全氟化碳的灭火系统（第10.4.1.3条）。

英文：For new installations only on existing ships: Fire-extinguishing systems using Halon 1211, 1301, and 2402 and perfluorocarbons are prohibited for new installations. (Regulation 10.4.1.3).

油炸烹饪设备——对于现有船舶上的新装置，油炸烹饪设备的灭火系统必须符合第10.6.4条的规定，包括对自动或手动灭火系统的要求;带警报装置的主恒温器和备用恒温器;在灭火系统启动后自动关闭电源的装置;用于警示厨房灭火系统运行的警报器;以及用于手动操作灭火系统的控制装置，这些装置均应贴有明确的标签，以供机组人员随时使用（该规定引用了国际标准化组织的建议，特别是关于保护厨房深脂烹饪设备的灭火系统的出版物 ISO 15371：2000）。

英文：Deep-fat cooking equipment - for new installations on existing ships, the fire extinguishing systems for deep-fat cooking equipment must comply with regulation 10.6.4, including the requirement for an automatic or manual extinguishing system; a primary and backup thermostat with an alarm; arrangements for automatically shutting off the electrical power upon activation of the extinguishing system; an alarm for indicating operation of the extinguishing system in the galley where the equipment is installed; and controls for manual operation of the extinguishing system which are clearly labelled for ready use by the crew. (The regulation refers to the recommendations by the International Organization for Standardization, in particular, Publication ISO 15371:2000 on Fire-extinguishing systems for protection of galley deep-fat cooking equipment.)

总吨位在2000总吨及以上的客船必须在2005年10月1日之前遵守固定式消防系统的规定（第10.5.6条）。该规定要求体积超过500立方米的某些机械空间必须由经批准的固定式水基消防系统或同等类型的本地消防系统进行保护。该规定引用了批准用于A类机械空间的固定式水基消防系统的指南（MSC/Circ.913）。固定式消防系统用于保护无需关闭发动机、无需人员疏散或无需密封的以下空间区域：用于船舶主推进和发电的内燃机的火灾危险部分、锅炉前部、焚化炉的火灾危险部分、以及用于加热燃料油的净化器。

英文：Passenger ships of 2,000 gross tonnage and above must comply not later than 1 October 2005 with regulations for fixed local application fire-fighting systems (regulation 10.5.6). The regulation requires certain machinery spaces above 500 m3 in volume to be protected by an approved type of fixed water-based or equivalent local application fire-fighting system. The regulation refers to Guidelines for the approval of fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems for use in category A machinery spaces (MSC/Circ.913). Fixed local application fire-fighting systems are to protect areas such as the following without the necessity of engine shutdown, personnel evacuation, or sealing of the spaces: the fire hazard portions of internal combustion machinery used for the ship's main propulsion and power generation; boiler fronts; the fire hazard portions of incinerators; and purifiers for heated fuel oil.

Contents 内容

Preamble 序言

Chapter 1 General 第1章 总则

Chapter 2 International shore connections

第2章 国际岸边（电）连接

Chapter 3 Personnel protection 第3章 人员保护

Chapter 4 Fire extinguishers 第4章 灭火器

Chapter 5 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems

第5章 固定式气体灭火系统

Chapter 6 Fixed foam fire-extinguishing systems

第6章 固定式泡沫灭火系统

Chapter 7 Fixed pressure water-spraying and water-mist fire-extinguishing systems

第7章 固定式压力喷水及细水雾灭火系统

Chapter 8 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems

第8章 自动喷水灭火装置、火灾探测和火灾报警系统

Chapter 9 Fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems

第9章 固定式火灾探测和火灾报警系统

Chapter 10 Sample extraction smoke detection systems

第10章 烟雾样品提取探测系统

Chapter 11 Low-location lighting systems

第11章 低位置照明系统

Chapter 12 Fixed emergency fire pumps

第12章 固定式应急消防泵

Chapter 13 Arrangement of means of escape

第13章 逃生途径的安排

Chapter 14 Fixed deck foam systems

第14章 固定式甲板泡沫系统

Chapter 15 Inert gas systems

第15章 惰性气体系统

国际海事组织每年发布一份通告，其中包含主管机关认可的实验室名单，这些实验室能够根据国际防火测试程序应用规范（FTP规范）的规定进行防火测试。

英文：IMO issues annually a circular contining a list of a list of laboratories recognized by Administrations, which are able to conduct fire tests in accordance with the provisions of the International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) .

国际海事组织（IMO）每年都会发布一份通告，其中包含哈龙储存和接收设施名单，以促进存放退役哈龙或购买回收的哈龙。

英文：IMO annually issues a circular containing a list of halon banking and reception facilities, to facilitate the deposit of decommissioned halons or the purchase of recycled halons.